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Herbivory estimated as leaf area loss [cm^2] and [%] and leaf traits were generated from sun-exposed leaves of 380 tree canopies belonging to 51 tree species (7 +/- 1 tree individual per species) located within the nine 1 ha forest core plots at 1000 m (Bombuscaro), 2000 m (San Francisco), and 3000 m (Cajanuma) in the Podocarpus Nationalpark and the Reserva Biológica San Francisco in southern Ecuador between February and March in 2019.
To estimate herbivory, 20 +/- 5 leaves per tree were scanned and analyzed with the software WinFOLIA. Leaf traits were either measured conventionally with morphometrical and chemical measurement techniques or spectrally with an OceanOptics spectrometer HDX to identify the reflectance wavebands of certain molecular foliar structures.

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For the seedling transplantation experiment conducted in NUMEX plots in Bombuscaro using as a target species Pouteria torta for monitoring during one year the effects of fertilization in a common species. This data set correspond to the initial measurements of the experiment

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Weekly time series of throughfall data (water fluxes, electrical conductivity, pH values) from the Bombuscaro site at 1000 m a.s.l. located in NUMEX Plot 12 (control). The updated weekly time series extends between March 2018 and December 2023. Throughfall was sampled with 20 Hellmann-type collectors. Replicates were collected, volume-weighted and bulked to one sample per plot and sampling period. Electrical conductivity and pH values were measured immediately in unfiltered aliquots in the laboratory at the ECSF.

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Abundance of ant species were collected during the wet and the dry season 2014 on the core plots and intermediate elevation levels (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000) on disturbed and undisturbed forest plots.

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AMF root colonization of roots extracted from the upper soil layer (5cm) at all NUMEX plots. Roots are stained with Trypan Blue, AMF root colonization is examined by the line-intersect method.

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Weekly time series of water fluxes, electrical conductivity, pH values and measured concentrations of Al, Mn, Zn, Cl, PO4-P, Total P, NH4-N, NO3-N, Total N, K, Na, Mg, Ca and Total organic C in precipitation from the Bombuscaro site at 1000 m a.s.l. located at the climate station. The weekly time series extends between March 2018 and December 2019. Precipitation was sampled with 5 Hellmann-type collectors. Replicates were collected, volume-weighted and bulked to one sample per plot. Electrical conductivity and pH values were measured immediately in unfiltered aliquots in the laboratory at the ECSF. Samples were filtered (4-7 µm) in the laboratory of the ECSF and stored at -20 °C until transport in frozen state to Germany for concentration measurements.