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Platform data

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Remark from db-Manager: Some coordinate pairs seem to be inverted. please check back with data creator, when using this dataset.

Data from the PHD-thesis of Dirk Süßenbach.
For additional information see references cited with the main dataset (list of specimens)

The mycobionts of 103 terrestrial and epiphytic orchid individuals, sampled in the RBSF from permanently estabished orchid plots, were identified by sequencing the whole ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and part of 28S rDNA. Tulasnellales, Sebacinales and for the first time Atractiellales were found.

Plots were established by members of UTPL, Dr. Juan Pablo Suarez and his coworkers, on the orchid regeneration land slide, on basis of T1 and in uppar part of T2 as given by geographic parameters. All laboratory work was carried out by the UTPL group mentioned above.

Ants data obtained by baiting with 6 used nutrients (water, salt solution, sugar solution, amino-acid solution, amino-acid-sugar solution, oil). Data were collected during the wet and the dry season 2014 on the coreplots and intermediate elevation levels (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000) on disturbed and undisturbed forest plots. The predation data were collected using an artificial caterpillar approach.

Mycorrhizal state of epiphytic orchids was controversially discussed and state and mycobionts of the pleurothallidin orchids, occurring abundantly and with a high number of species on stems of trees in the Andean cloud forest, were unknown. Root samples of 77 adult individuals on total of the epiphytic orchids Stelis hallii, Stelis superbiens, Pleurothallis lilijae, and Stelis concinna were collected in a tropical mountain rain forest of southern Ecuador. Ultrastructural evidence of symbiotic interaction was combined with molecular sequencing of fungi directly from the mycorrhizas and isolation of mycobionts. Ultrastructural analyses displayed vital orchid mycorrhizas formed by fungi with an imperforate parenthesome and cell wall slime bodies typical for the genus Tulasnella. Three different Tulasnella isolates were obtained in pure culture. Phylogenetic analysis of the mycorrhiza forming Tulasnella and the Tulasnella isolates based on coding regions of the ribosomal large subunit (nucLSU) and the 5.8S subunit, including parts of the internal transcribed spacers, yielded seven distinct Tulasnella clades. Tulasnella mycobionts in Stelis concinna were restricted to two Tulasnella sequence types while the other orchids were associated with up to six Tulasnella sequence types. All Tulasnella sequences were new to science and distinct from known sequences of mycobionts of terrestrial orchids. These results indicate that tulasnelloid fungi, adapted to the conditions on tree stems, might be important for orchid growth and maintenance in the Andean cloud forest.

Technical details published in Mycological Research 110: 1257-1270, 2006, Diverse tulasnelloid fungi form mycorrhizas with epiphytic orchids in an Andean cloud forest.
Juan Pablo Suáreza, Michael Weiss, Andrea Abele, Sigisfredo Garnica, Franz Oberwinkler and Ingrid Kottke

Data from PHD theses of Dirk Süßenbach and Nadine Hilt and diploma thesis of Manuela Zimmermann. They are the main authors of the data set.

For further information and details on the sampling sites see:

Süßenbach, D. (2003): Diversität von Nachtfaltergemeinschaften entlang eines Höhengradienten in Südecuador (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Arctiidae). PHD-Thesis, available online at http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967598044&dok_var=d1&dok_ext=pdf&filename=967598044.pdf

Hilt, N. (2005): Diversity and species composition of two different moth families (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae vs. Geometridae) along a successional gradient in the Ecuadorian Andes. PHD-Thesis, available online at http://opus.ub.uni-bayreuth.de/volltexte/2006/201/pdf/DISS_HILT.pdf

Hilt, N. & Fiedler, K. (2006): Arctiid moth ensembles along a successional gradient in the Ecuadorian montane rain forest zone: how different are subfamilies and tribes? Journal of Biogeography 33, 108?120.

Data from PHD-theses of Dirk Süßenbach and Nadine Hilt and diploma thesis of Manuela Zimmermann. For further information see references cited with the main dataset (list of specimens).

Data originates from PHD thesis of Dirk Süßenbach. He is the main author of the dataset.

Süßenbach, D. (2003): Diversität von Nachtfaltergemeinschaften entlang eines Höhengradienten in Südecuador (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Arctiidae). PHD-Thesis, available online at http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967598044&dok_var=d1&dok_ext=pdf&filename=967598044.pdf

Fiedler, K., Brehm, G., Hilt, N., Süssenbach, D. & Häuser, C.L. (2008): Variation of diversity patterns across moth families along a tropical elevational gradient. ? Pp. 167-179 in: Beck, E., Bendix, J., Kottke, I., Makeschin, F., & Mosandl, R. (eds.), Gradients in a tropical mountain ecosystem of Ecuador. Ecol. Studies 198, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

All woody plants (including palms and arborescent ferns) with a diameter at breast height (dbh) > 5 cm and a height > 1.3 m were sampled on 50 permanent plots each covering 20 m × 20 m between 2007 and 2008. Species richness was estimated at a coverage of 70% of the expected total species richness using rarefaction and extrapolation. The site scores for the first two dimensions of NMDS ordination analysis were based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (presence/absence).

The table is a  list of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with their host plants. The sequences are deposited in the NCBI GenBank.