Publikationen
Es wurden 28 Publikationen gefunden
Seibert, R. (2014-09-18). Population dynamics, phenology and yield of grassland. Presented at 7th GGL Conference on Life Sciences, Gießen.
Moser, G.; Gorenflo, A.; Brenzinger, K.; Keidel, L.; Braker, G.; Marhan, S.; Clough, T.J. & Müller, C. (2018): Explaining the doubling of N2O emissions under elevated CO2 in the Giessen FACE via in-field 15N tracing. Global Change Biology early view, 1-14
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14136 | Revised: 12 January 2018.
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DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14136 | Revised: 12 January 2018
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Abstract:
Abstract:
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils via changes in microbial nitrogen (N) transformations triggering a positive feedback reaction that could accelerate climate change. Several studies have shown N2O emission increases under elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2), but the underlying processes are not yet fully understood. Here we present results showing changes in soil N transformation dynamics from the Giessen Free Air CO2 Enrichment (GiFACE): a permanent grassland that has been exposed to eCO2, +20% relative to ambient concentrations (aCO2), for 15 years. We applied in the field an ammonium-nitrate fertilizer solution, in which either ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-) was labelled with 15N. The simultaneous gross N transformation rates were analysed with a 15N tracing model and a solver method. The results confirmed that after 15 years of eCO2 the N2O emissions under eCO2 were still more than 2-fold higher than under aCO2. The tracing model results indicated that plant uptake of NH4+ did not differ between treatments, but uptake of NO3- was significantly reduced under eCO2. However, the ratio of gross production and consumption of NH4+ remained unchanged under eCO2, but decreased slightly for NO3-, which increased NO3- availability under eCO2. The N2O isotopic signature indicated that under eCO2 the sources of the additional emissions, 8407 µg N2O-N m-2 during the first 58 days after labelling, were associated with NO3- reduction (+2.0%), NH4+ oxidation (+11.1%) and organic N oxidation (+86.9%). We presume that increased root exudation under eCO2 provided an additional source of bioavailable supply of energy that triggered the stimulation of microbial soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization, as a priming effect, and an increased activity of bacterial nitrite reductase, which caused the shift in N2O:N2 emission ratio, via incomplete denitrification, explaining the positive feedback reaction of doubled N2O emissions.
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Keywords: |
climate change |
elevated CO2 |
grassland |
Giessen-FACE |
Giessen FACE |
Gi-FACE |
Gross N transformation |
free air carbon dioxide enrichment |
long-term response |
N transformation |
N2O emission |
positive climate change feedback |
Liebermann, R. (2017-07-04). Interaktion der simulierten Wasser- und N-Kreisläufe des Linden FACE Grünlands. Presented at FACE2FACE Vollversammlung 2017, JLU Giessen.
Moser, G.; Gorenflo, A.; Brenzinger, K.; Keidel, L.; Braker, G.; Marhan, S.; Clough, T.J. & Müller, C. (2018): Explaining the doubling of N2O emissions under elevated CO2 in the Giessen FACE via in-field 15N tracing. Global Change Biology 24, 3897-3910
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14136.
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DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14136
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Abstract:
Abstract:
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to increase nitrous oxide (N2O)
emissions from soils via changes in microbial nitrogen (N) transformations. Several
studies have shown that N2O emission increases under elevated atmospheric CO2
(eCO2), but the underlying processes are not yet fully understood. Here, we present
results showing changes in soil N transformation dynamics from the Giessen Free Air
CO2 Enrichment (GiFACE): a permanent grassland that has been exposed to eCO2,
+20% relative to ambient concentrations (aCO2), for 15 years. We applied in the field
an ammonium-nitrate fertilizer solution, in which either ammonium (NHþ
4 ) or nitrate
(NO
3 ) was labelled with 15N. The simultaneous gross N transformation rates were
analysed with a 15N tracing model and a solver method. The results confirmed that
after 15 years of eCO2 the N2O emissions under eCO2 were still more than twofold
higher than under aCO2. The tracing model results indicated that plant uptake of NHþ
4
did not differ between treatments, but uptake of NO
3 was significantly reduced under
eCO2. However, the NHþ
4 and NO
3 availability increased slightly under eCO2. The
N2O isotopic signature indicated that under eCO2 the sources of the additional emissions,
8,407 lg N2O–N/m2 during the first 58 days after labelling, were associated
with NO
3 reduction (+2.0%), NHþ
4 oxidation (+11.1%) and organic N oxidation
(+86.9%). We presume that increased plant growth and root exudation under eCO2
provided an additional source of bioavailable supply of energy that triggered as a priming
effect the stimulation of microbial soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization and
fostered the activity of the bacterial nitrite reductase. The resulting increase in incomplete
denitrification and therefore an increased N2O:N2 emission ratio, explains the
doubling of N2O emissions. If this occurs over a wide area of grasslands in the future,
this positive feedback reaction may significantly accelerate climate change.
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Keywords: |
climate change |
elevated CO2 |
grassland |
free air carbon dioxide enrichment |
long-term response |
N transformation |
N2O emission |
positive climate change feedback |
Liebermann, R.; Kraft, P.; Houska, T.; Müller, C.; Kraus, D.; Haas, E.; Klatt, S. & Breuer, L. (2015-04-17). Uncertainty analysis of a coupled ecosystem response model simulating greenhouse gas fluxes from a temperate grassland. Presented at European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria.
Aydogan, E.; Busse, H.; Moser, G.; Müller, C.; Kämpfer, P. & Glaeser, S.P. (2016): Aureimonas galii sp. nov. and Aureimonas pseudogalii sp. nov. isolated from the phyllosphere of Galium album. International Journal of Systematics and Evolutionary Microbiology 66, 3345-3354
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001200.
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DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001200
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Abstract:
Abstract:
Four yellow-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, strains PP-WC-4G-234T, PP-CE-2G-454T, PP-WC-1G-202 and PP-CC-3G-650, were isolated from the phyllosphere of Galium album. The strains shared 99.7–100?% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity but could be differentiated by genomic fingerprinting using rep- and random amplification of polymorphic DNA PCRs. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene placed the strains within the family Aurantimonadaceae with highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.2–97.3?% to the type strain of Aureimonas phyllosphaerae. Sequence similarities to all other Aurantimonadaceae were below 97?%. The main cellular fatty acids of the strains were C18?:?1 ?7c as the predominant fatty acid followed by C16?:?0 and summed feature 3 (C16?:?1 ?7c/C16?:?1 ?8c). The polyamine patterns of strains PP-WC-4G-234T and PP-CE-2G-454T contained sym-homospermidine as a major compound, and the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. Predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified lipid only detectable after total lipid staining. The DNA G+C content was 66.4, 68.9, 67.4 and 70.5 mol% for strains PP-WC-4G-234T, PP-CE-2G-454T, PP-WC-1G-202 and PP-CC-3G-650, respectively. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses we propose two novel species of the genus Aureimonas, Aureimonas galii sp. nov. with PP-WC-4G-234T (=LMG 28655T=CIP 110892T) as the type strain and Aureimonas pseudogalii sp. nov. with PP-CE-2G-454T (=LMG 29411T=CCM 8665T) as the type strain and two further strains representing the same species, PP-WC-1G-202 and PP-CC-3G-650.
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Keywords: |
grassland |
Epiphytic Microbial Community |
grassland ecology |
Liebermann, R.; Kraft, P.; Houska, T.; Müller, C.; Kraus, D.; Haas, E.; Klatt, S. & Breuer, L. (2015-10-01). Unknown nitrogen supply - Impact on simulations in a grassland ecosystem model. Presented at 8th Annual GGL Conference 2015, Giessen, Germany.
Liebermann, R.; Kraft, P.; Houska, T.; Müller, C.; Kraus, D.; Klatt, S.; Haas, E. & Breuer, L. (2016-09-21). How groundwater controls the cycles of C and N - A modelling study from a temperate grassland experiment. Presented at 9thAnnual GGL Conference 2016, Giessen, Germany.
Kellner, J. (2014-09-18). Development of a coupled hydrological-plant growth model for grasslands under elevated CO2. Presented at 7th GGL Conference on Life Sciences, Gießen, Germany.
Seibert, R.; Grünhage, L.; Müller, C.; Otte, A. & Donath, T.W. (2018): Raised atmospheric CO2 levels affect soil seed bank composition of temperate grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science 30, 86-97
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12699.
Jansen-Willems, A.B.; Lanigan, G.J.; Grünhage, L. & Müller, C. (2016): Carbon cycling in temperate grassland under elevated temperature. Ecology and Evolution In press, In press
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/In press.
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DOI: In press
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Abstract:
Abstract:
An increase in mean soil surface temperature has been observed over the last century and it is predicted to further increase in the future. The effect of increased temperature on ecosystem carbon fluxes in a permanent temperate grassland, was studied in a long term (6 years) field experiment, using multiple temperature increments induced by IR-lamps. Ecosystem respiration (R-eco) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were measured, and modelled by a modified Lloyd and Taylor model including a soil moisture component for R-eco (average R2 of 0.78) and inclusion of a photosynthetic component based on temperature and radiation for NEE (R2=0.65). Modelled NEE values ranged between 2.3 and 5.3 kg CO2 m-2 year-1, depending on treatment. An increase of 2 or 3°C led to increased carbon losses, lowering the carbon storage potential by around 4 tonnes of C ha-1 year-1. The majority of significant NEE differences were found during night-time compared to daytime. This suggests that during daytime the increased respiration could be offset by an increase in photosynthetic uptake. This was also supported by differences in ?13C and ?18O, indicating prolonged increased photosynthetic activity associated with the higher temperature treatments. However, this increase in photosynthesis was insufficient to counteract the 24hr increase in respiration, explaining the higher CO2 emissions due to elevated temperature.
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Keywords: |
CO2 |
grassland |
Heating |
elevated temperature |
respiration |
net ecosystem exchange |
isotopes |
Liebermann, R.; Kraft, P.; Houska, T.; Müller, C.; Haas, E.; Kraus, D.; Klatt, S.; Kiese, R. & Breuer, L. (2014-07-15). Simulating fluxes of N and C under elevated atmospheric CO2 in a coupled ecosystem response model. Presented at BIOGEOMON 2014, Bayreuth, Germany.
Kellner, J. (2015-10-01). Modelling temperate grasslands under elevated CO2 with a coupled hydrological-plant growth model. Presented at 8th GGL Conference on Life Sciences, Gießen, Germany.
Aydogan, E.; Moser, G.; Müller, C.; Kämpfer, P. & Glaeser, S.P. (2018): Long-term warming shifts the composition of bacterial communities in the phyllosphere of Galium album in a permanent grassland field-experiment. . Frontiers in Microbiology 9, 144
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00144.
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DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00144
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Abstract:
Abstract:
Global warming is currently a much discussed topic with as yet largely unexplored consequences for agro-ecosystems. Little is known about the warming effect on the bacterial microbiota inhabiting the plant surface (phyllosphere), which can have a strong impact on plant growth and health, as well as on plant diseases and colonization by human pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate surface warming on the diversity and composition of the bacterial leaf microbiota of the herbaceous plant Galium album. Leaves were collected from four control and four surface warmed (+2°C) plots located at the field site of the Environmental Monitoring and Climate Impact Research Station Linden in Germany over a 6-year period. Warming had no effect on the concentration of total number of cells attached to the leaf surface as counted by Sybr Green I staining after detachment, but changes in the diversity and phylogenetic composition of the bacterial leaf microbiota analyzed by bacterial 16S rRNA gene Illumina amplicon sequencing were observed. The bacterial phyllosphere microbiota were dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Warming caused a significant higher relative abundance of members of the Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, and a lower relative abundance of members of the Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Plant beneficial bacteria like Sphingomonas spp. and Rhizobium spp. occurred in significantly lower relative abundance in leaf samples of warmed plots. In contrast, several members of the Enterobacteriaceae, especially Enterobacter and Erwinia, and other potential plant or human pathogenic genera such as Acinetobacter and insect-associated Buchnera and Wolbachia spp. occurred in higher relative abundances in the phyllosphere samples from warmed plots. This study showed for the first time the long-term impact of moderate (+2°C) surface warming on the phyllosphere microbiota on plants. A reduction of beneficial bacteria and an enhancement of potential pathogenic bacteria in the phyllosphere of plants may indicate that this aspect of the ecosystem which has been largely neglected up till now, can be a potential risk for pathogen transmission in agro-ecosystems in the near future.
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Keywords: |
temperature |
grassland |
warming |
Heating |
Air temperature |
stability |
Global warming |
elevated temperature |
Epiphytic Microbial Community |
long-term response |
population dynamic |
species composition |
Seibert, R. (2016-09-20). Impacts of long-term atmospheric CO2 enrichment on the species dynamics and aboveground biomass production of a periodically wet grassland. Presented at 9th GGL Conference on Life Sciences, Gießen, Germany.
Obermeier, W. (2017-07-04). Future summer aboveground biomass in a temperate C3 grassland. Presented at General Assembly - FACE2FACE, Giessen.
Grünhage, L.; Kammann, C. & Moser, G. (2016-01-07). GiFACE Sampling Design. Presented at Internal Presentation, Giessen.
Kellner, J. (2016-09-21). Simulating the effect of elevated CO2 on plant growth of a temperate grassland using a coupled hydrological-plant growth model. Presented at 9th GGL Conference on Life Sciences, Gießen, Germany.
Liebermann, R.; Kraft, P. & Breuer, L. (2016-09-13). Simulation von Biomasse und Treibhausgasemissionen eines FACE-Grünlandexperiments unter Grundwassereinfluss. Presented at Begutachtung LOEWE-Schwerpunkt FACE2FACE, Giessen, Germany.
Kellner, J.; Multsch, S.; Kraft, P.; Houska, T.; Müller, C. & Breuer, L. (2016-02-15). Uncertainty analysis of a coupled hydrological-plant growth model for grassland under elevated CO2. Presented at Agriculture and Climate Change - Adapting Crops to Increased Uncertainty (AGRI 2015), Amsterdam.
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Abstract:
Abstract:
The continuous increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) contributes to changes in plant evapotranspiration and terrestrial water Budgets in two ways. Firstly, elevated CO2 can result in a water saving effect, since increasing CO2 reduces stomatal opening and therefore decreases transpiration. Secondly, CO2 fertilization increases biomass accumulation and leaf area at plant canopy Level, likely increasing plant transpiration. Vegetation and hydrological models can be used to investigate the CO2 Response and the bidirectional effects outlined above, including their relative contribution to the changes in the water cycle. However, the intrinsic plant-soil interaction and the uncertainty related to model parameterization have rarely been considered.
Hence, we coupled a detailed plant growth and soil hydrological model by using the generic model frameworks Plant growth Modelling Framework (PMF) and Catchment Modelling Framework (CMF). Up to date response mechanisms have been implemented in PMF to simulate the various ways of how plant physiology is influenced by elevated CO2. Both models interact by using the Python computer language. Applying the coupled PMF-CMF model we investigate the effects of elevated CO2 in a number of plant physiological and environmental variables such as biomass, leaf area index and soil moisture using field data of a long-term Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiment in Giessen, Germany. In this Experiment, various grassland varieties (herbs, legumes, grasses) grow under elevated (+20%) and ambient CO2 since 1997.
A Monte Carlo based uncertainty analysis (GLUE) is conducted to investigate the coupled PMF-CMF parameter space. The focus will be on the identification of parameters for plant and soil, which are the drivers for the CO2 Response of the terrestrial water balance. We will present first results of the simulation of biomass accumulation and transpiration under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations.
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Keywords: |
elevated CO2 |
grassland |
plant growth |
uncertainty analysis |
coupled model |
water balance |