Publications
Found 72 publication(s)
- of type
Seibert, R.; Grünhage, L.; Müller, C.; Otte, A. & Donath, T.W. (2018): Raised atmospheric CO2 levels affect soil seed bank composition of temperate grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science 30, 86-97
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12699.
Andresen, L.C.; Yuan, N.; Seibert, R.; Moser, G.; Kammann, C.; Luterbacher, J.; Erbs, M. & Müller, C. (2018): Biomass responses in a temperate European grassland through 17 years of elevated CO2. Global Change Biology 24, 3875-3885
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13705.
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DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13705
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Abstract:
Abstract:
Future increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations will potentially enhance grassland
biomass production and shift the functional group composition with consequences
for ecosystem functioning. In the “GiFACE” experiment (Giessen Free Air Carbon
dioxide Enrichment), fertilized grassland plots were fumigated with elevated CO2
(eCO2) year-round during daylight hours since 1998, at a level of +20% relative to
ambient concentrations (in 1998, aCO2 was 364 ppm and eCO2 399 ppm; in 2014,
aCO2 was 397 ppm and eCO2 518 ppm). Harvests were conducted twice annually
through 23 years including 17 years with eCO2 (1998 to 2014). Biomass consisted of
C3 grasses and forbs, with a small proportion of legumes. The total aboveground biomass
(TAB) was significantly increased under eCO2 (p = .045 and .025, at first and
second harvest). The dominant plant functional group grasses responded positively at
the start, but for forbs, the effect of eCO2 started out as a negative response. The
increase in TAB in response to eCO2 was approximately 15% during the period from
2006 to 2014, suggesting that there was no attenuation of eCO2 effects over time,
tentatively a consequence of the fertilization management. Biomass and soil moisture
responses were closely linked. The soil moisture surplus (c. 3%) in eCO2 manifested
in the latter years was associated with a positive biomass response of both functional
groups. The direction of the biomass response of the functional group forbs changed
over the experimental duration, intensified by extreme weather conditions, pointing
to the need of long-term field studies for obtaining reliable responses of perennial
ecosystems to eCO2 and as a basis for model development.
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Keywords: |
climate change |
soil moisture |
forbs |
frost |
Giessen free air carbon dioxide enrichment |
grasses |
long-term response |
Free air carbon dioxide enrichment |
Moser, G.; Gorenflo, A.; Brenzinger, K.; Keidel, L.; Braker, G.; Marhan, S.; Clough, T.J. & Müller, C. (2018): Explaining the doubling of N2O emissions under elevated CO2 in the Giessen FACE via in-field 15N tracing. Global Change Biology 24, 3897-3910
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14136.
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DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14136
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Abstract:
Abstract:
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to increase nitrous oxide (N2O)
emissions from soils via changes in microbial nitrogen (N) transformations. Several
studies have shown that N2O emission increases under elevated atmospheric CO2
(eCO2), but the underlying processes are not yet fully understood. Here, we present
results showing changes in soil N transformation dynamics from the Giessen Free Air
CO2 Enrichment (GiFACE): a permanent grassland that has been exposed to eCO2,
+20% relative to ambient concentrations (aCO2), for 15 years. We applied in the field
an ammonium-nitrate fertilizer solution, in which either ammonium (NHþ
4 ) or nitrate
(NO
3 ) was labelled with 15N. The simultaneous gross N transformation rates were
analysed with a 15N tracing model and a solver method. The results confirmed that
after 15 years of eCO2 the N2O emissions under eCO2 were still more than twofold
higher than under aCO2. The tracing model results indicated that plant uptake of NHþ
4
did not differ between treatments, but uptake of NO
3 was significantly reduced under
eCO2. However, the NHþ
4 and NO
3 availability increased slightly under eCO2. The
N2O isotopic signature indicated that under eCO2 the sources of the additional emissions,
8,407 lg N2O–N/m2 during the first 58 days after labelling, were associated
with NO
3 reduction (+2.0%), NHþ
4 oxidation (+11.1%) and organic N oxidation
(+86.9%). We presume that increased plant growth and root exudation under eCO2
provided an additional source of bioavailable supply of energy that triggered as a priming
effect the stimulation of microbial soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization and
fostered the activity of the bacterial nitrite reductase. The resulting increase in incomplete
denitrification and therefore an increased N2O:N2 emission ratio, explains the
doubling of N2O emissions. If this occurs over a wide area of grasslands in the future,
this positive feedback reaction may significantly accelerate climate change.
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Keywords: |
climate change |
elevated CO2 |
grassland |
free air carbon dioxide enrichment |
long-term response |
N transformation |
N2O emission |
positive climate change feedback |
Keidel, L.; Lenhart, K.; Moser, G. & Müller, C. (2018): Depth-dependent response of soil aggregates and soil organic carbon content to long-term elevated CO2 in a temperate grassland soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 123, 145-154
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.05.005.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.05.005
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Abstract:
Abstract:
Facing rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, subsoils may play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle due to the presence of unsaturated mineral surfaces. Further, macroaggregation is considered a crucial process influencing C sequestration. However, analyses on subsoil aggregation and C retention processes under long-term elevated CO2 (eCO2) are lacking. In this study we investigated the long-term effect of +20% above ambient CO2 concentration (corresponds to conditions reached 2035–2045) in a temperate grassland ecosystem at the Giessen Free Air CO2 Enrichment (Gi-FACE), Germany. A depth-dependent response of macroaggregation to eCO2 was observed: While in subsoil (15–45?cm depth) macroaggregation increased under eCO2, no CO2 induced change in macroaggregation was detected in topsoil (0–15?cm). Increased macroaggregation in subsoil coincided with higher SOC content of large macroaggregates (LM). Mean residence time (MRT) of SOC in aggregate-size classes were not different among each other under eCO2. However, macroaggregates and bulk soil differed in their MRT between soil depths. Despite increased macroaggregation and an estimated high SOC sequestration potential in subsoil we could not observe an increase in SOC content of bulk soil.
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Keywords: |
eCO2 |
climate change |
grassland |
Giessen FACE |
C sequestration |
SOC dynamics |
soil structure |
subsoil |
carbon cycle |
Moser, G.; Gorenflo, A.; Brenzinger, K.; Keidel, L.; Braker, G.; Marhan, S.; Clough, T.J. & Müller, C. (2018): Explaining the doubling of N2O emissions under elevated CO2 in the Giessen FACE via in-field 15N tracing. Global Change Biology early view, 1-14
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14136 | Revised: 12 January 2018.
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DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14136 | Revised: 12 January 2018
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Abstract:
Abstract:
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils via changes in microbial nitrogen (N) transformations triggering a positive feedback reaction that could accelerate climate change. Several studies have shown N2O emission increases under elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2), but the underlying processes are not yet fully understood. Here we present results showing changes in soil N transformation dynamics from the Giessen Free Air CO2 Enrichment (GiFACE): a permanent grassland that has been exposed to eCO2, +20% relative to ambient concentrations (aCO2), for 15 years. We applied in the field an ammonium-nitrate fertilizer solution, in which either ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-) was labelled with 15N. The simultaneous gross N transformation rates were analysed with a 15N tracing model and a solver method. The results confirmed that after 15 years of eCO2 the N2O emissions under eCO2 were still more than 2-fold higher than under aCO2. The tracing model results indicated that plant uptake of NH4+ did not differ between treatments, but uptake of NO3- was significantly reduced under eCO2. However, the ratio of gross production and consumption of NH4+ remained unchanged under eCO2, but decreased slightly for NO3-, which increased NO3- availability under eCO2. The N2O isotopic signature indicated that under eCO2 the sources of the additional emissions, 8407 µg N2O-N m-2 during the first 58 days after labelling, were associated with NO3- reduction (+2.0%), NH4+ oxidation (+11.1%) and organic N oxidation (+86.9%). We presume that increased root exudation under eCO2 provided an additional source of bioavailable supply of energy that triggered the stimulation of microbial soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization, as a priming effect, and an increased activity of bacterial nitrite reductase, which caused the shift in N2O:N2 emission ratio, via incomplete denitrification, explaining the positive feedback reaction of doubled N2O emissions.
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Keywords: |
climate change |
elevated CO2 |
grassland |
Giessen-FACE |
Giessen FACE |
Gi-FACE |
Gross N transformation |
free air carbon dioxide enrichment |
long-term response |
N transformation |
N2O emission |
positive climate change feedback |
Aydogan, E.; Moser, G.; Müller, C.; Kämpfer, P. & Glaeser, S.P. (2018): Long-term warming shifts the composition of bacterial communities in the phyllosphere of Galium album in a permanent grassland field-experiment. . Frontiers in Microbiology 9, 144
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00144.
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DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00144
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Abstract:
Abstract:
Global warming is currently a much discussed topic with as yet largely unexplored consequences for agro-ecosystems. Little is known about the warming effect on the bacterial microbiota inhabiting the plant surface (phyllosphere), which can have a strong impact on plant growth and health, as well as on plant diseases and colonization by human pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate surface warming on the diversity and composition of the bacterial leaf microbiota of the herbaceous plant Galium album. Leaves were collected from four control and four surface warmed (+2°C) plots located at the field site of the Environmental Monitoring and Climate Impact Research Station Linden in Germany over a 6-year period. Warming had no effect on the concentration of total number of cells attached to the leaf surface as counted by Sybr Green I staining after detachment, but changes in the diversity and phylogenetic composition of the bacterial leaf microbiota analyzed by bacterial 16S rRNA gene Illumina amplicon sequencing were observed. The bacterial phyllosphere microbiota were dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Warming caused a significant higher relative abundance of members of the Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, and a lower relative abundance of members of the Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Plant beneficial bacteria like Sphingomonas spp. and Rhizobium spp. occurred in significantly lower relative abundance in leaf samples of warmed plots. In contrast, several members of the Enterobacteriaceae, especially Enterobacter and Erwinia, and other potential plant or human pathogenic genera such as Acinetobacter and insect-associated Buchnera and Wolbachia spp. occurred in higher relative abundances in the phyllosphere samples from warmed plots. This study showed for the first time the long-term impact of moderate (+2°C) surface warming on the phyllosphere microbiota on plants. A reduction of beneficial bacteria and an enhancement of potential pathogenic bacteria in the phyllosphere of plants may indicate that this aspect of the ecosystem which has been largely neglected up till now, can be a potential risk for pathogen transmission in agro-ecosystems in the near future.
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Keywords: |
temperature |
grassland |
warming |
Heating |
Air temperature |
stability |
Global warming |
elevated temperature |
Epiphytic Microbial Community |
long-term response |
population dynamic |
species composition |
Liebermann, R.; Kraft, P. & Breuer, L. (2016-09-13). Simulation von Biomasse und Treibhausgasemissionen eines FACE-Grünlandexperiments unter Grundwassereinfluss. Presented at Begutachtung LOEWE-Schwerpunkt FACE2FACE, Giessen, Germany.
Liebermann, R.; Kraft, P.; Houska, T.; Müller, C.; Kraus, D.; Klatt, S.; Haas, E. & Breuer, L. (2016-09-21). How groundwater controls the cycles of C and N - A modelling study from a temperate grassland experiment. Presented at 9thAnnual GGL Conference 2016, Giessen, Germany.
Liebermann, R.; Kraft, P.; Houska, T.; Müller, C.; Kraus, D.; Haas, E.; Klatt, S. & Breuer, L. (2015-10-01). Unknown nitrogen supply - Impact on simulations in a grassland ecosystem model. Presented at 8th Annual GGL Conference 2015, Giessen, Germany.
Liebermann, R.; Kraft, P.; Houska, T.; Müller, C.; Kraus, D.; Haas, E.; Klatt, S. & Breuer, L. (2015-04-17). Uncertainty analysis of a coupled ecosystem response model simulating greenhouse gas fluxes from a temperate grassland. Presented at European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria.
Liebermann, R.; Kraft, P.; Houska, T.; Müller, C.; Haas, E.; Kraus, D.; Klatt, S.; Kiese, R. & Breuer, L. (2014-07-15). Simulating fluxes of N and C under elevated atmospheric CO2 in a coupled ecosystem response model. Presented at BIOGEOMON 2014, Bayreuth, Germany.
Kellner, J. (2016-09-21). Simulating the effect of elevated CO2 on plant growth of a temperate grassland using a coupled hydrological-plant growth model. Presented at 9th GGL Conference on Life Sciences, Gießen, Germany.
Kellner, J. (2015-10-01). Modelling temperate grasslands under elevated CO2 with a coupled hydrological-plant growth model. Presented at 8th GGL Conference on Life Sciences, Gießen, Germany.
Kellner, J. (2014-09-18). Development of a coupled hydrological-plant growth model for grasslands under elevated CO2. Presented at 7th GGL Conference on Life Sciences, Gießen, Germany.
Brenzinger, K.; Kujala, K.; Horn, M.A.; Moser, G.; Guillet, C.; Kammann, C.; Müller, C. & Braker, G. (2017): Soil Conditions Rather Than Long-Term Exposure to Elevated CO2 Affect Soil Microbial Communities Associated with N-Cycling. Frontiers in Microbiology 8(1976), 1-14
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01976.
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DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01976
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Abstract:
Abstract:
Continuously rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations may lead to an increased transfer of organic C from plants to the soil through rhizodeposition and may affect the interaction between the C- and N-cycle. For instance, fumigation of soils with elevated CO2 (eCO2) concentrations (20% higher compared to current atmospheric concentrations) at the Giessen Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (GiFACE) sites resulted in a more than two fold increase of long-term N2O emissions and an increase in dissimilatory reduction of nitrate compared to ambient CO2 (aCO2). We hypothesized that the observed differences in soil functioning were based on differences in the abundance and composition of microbial communities in general and especially of those which are responsible for N-transformations in soil. We also expected eCO2 effects on soil parameters, such as on nitrate as previously reported. To explore the impact of long-term eCO2 on soil microbial communities, we applied a molecular approach (qPCR, T-RFLP, and 454 pyrosequencing). Microbial groups were analyzed in soil of three sets of two FACE plots (three replicate samples from each plot), which were fumigated with eCO2 and aCO2, respectively. N-fixers, denitrifiers, archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers, and dissimilatory nitrate reducers to ammonia were targeted by analysis of functional marker genes and the overall archaeal community by 16S rRNA genes. Remarkably, soil parameters as well as the abundance and composition of microbial communities in the top soil under eCO2 differed only slightly from soil under aCO2. Wherever differences in microbial community abundance and composition were detected, they were not linked to CO2 level but rather determined by differences in soil parameters (e.g. soil moisture content) due to the localization of the GiFACE sets in the experimental field. We concluded that +20% eCO2 had little to no effect on the overall microbial community involved in N-cycling in the soil but that spatial heterogeneity over extended periods had shaped microbial communities at particular sites in the field. Hence, microbial community composition and abundance alone cannot explain the functional differences leading to higher N2O emissions under eCO2 and future studies should aim at exploring the active members of the soil microbial community.
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Keywords: |
elevated CO2 |
N2O |
denitrifiers |
Ammonia Oxidizers |
N-fixers |
DNRA |
Free air carbon dioxide enrichment |
454 pyrosequencing |
Andresen, L.C.; Yuan, N.; Seibert, R.; Moser, G.; Kammann, C.; Luterbacher, J.; Erbs, M. & Müller, C. (2017): Biomass reponses in a temperate European grassland through 17 years of elevated CO2. Global Change Biology 2017, 1-11
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13705.
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DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13705
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Abstract:
Abstract:
Future increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations will potentially enhance grassland biomass production and shift the functional group composition with consequences for ecosystem functioning. In the “GiFACE” experiment (Giessen Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment), fertilized grassland plots were fumigated with elevated CO2(eCO2) year-round during daylight hours since 1998, at a level of +20% relative to ambient concentrations (in 1998, aCO2 was 364 ppm and eCO2 399 ppm; in 2014, aCO2 was 397 ppm and eCO2 518 ppm). Harvests were conducted twice annually through 23 years including 17 years with eCO2 (1998 to 2014). Biomass consisted of C3 grasses and forbs, with a small proportion of legumes. The total aboveground biomass (TAB) was significantly increased under eCO2 (p = .045 and .025, at first and second harvest). The dominant plant functional group grasses responded positively at the start, but for forbs, the effect of eCO2 started out as a negative response. The increase in TAB in response to eCO2 was approximately 15% during the period from 2006 to 2014, suggesting that there was no attenuation of eCO2 effects over time, tentatively a consequence of the fertilization management. Biomass and soil moisture responses were closely linked. The soil moisture surplus (c. 3%) in eCO2 manifested in the latter years was associated with a positive biomass response of both functional groups. The direction of the biomass response of the functional group forbs changed over the experimental duration, intensified by extreme weather conditions, pointing to the need of long-term field studies for obtaining reliable responses of perennial ecosystems to eCO2 and as a basis for model development.
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Keywords: |
climate change |
soil moisture |
forbs |
free air carbon dioxide enrichment |
frost |
Giessen free air carbon dioxide enrichment |
grasses |
long-term response |
Kellner, J.; Multsch, S.; Kraft, P.; Houska, T.; Breuer, L. & Müller, C. (2017): A coupled hydrological-plant growth model for simulating the effect of elevated CO2 on a temperate grassland. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 246, 42-50
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.05.017.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.05.017
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Abstract:
Elevated CO2 (eCO2) reduces transpiration at the leaf level by inducing stomatal closure. However, this water saving effect might be offset at the canopy level by increased leaf area as a consequence of eCO2 fertilization. To investigate this bi-directional effect, we coupled a plant growth and a soil hydrological model. The model performance and the uncertainty in model parameters were checked using a 13 year data set of a Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment on grassland in Germany. We found a good agreement of simulated and observed data for soil moisture and total above-ground dry biomass (TAB) under ambient CO2 (?395 ppm) and eCO2 (?480 ppm). Optima for soil and plant growth model parameters were identified, which can be used in future studies. Our study presents a robust modelling approach for the investigation of effects of eCO2 on grassland biomass and water dynamics. We show an offset of the stomatal water saving effect at the canopy level because of a significant increase in TAB (6.5%, p < 0.001) leading to an increase in transpiration by +3.0 ± 6.0 mm, though insignificant (p = 0.1). However, the increased water loss through transpiration was counteracted by a significant decrease in soil evaporation (?2.1 ± 1.7 mm, p < 0.01) as a consequence of higher TAB. Hence, evapotranspiration was not affected by the increased eCO2 (+0.9 ± 4.9 mm, p = 0.5). This in turn led to a significantly better performance of the water use efficiency by 5.2% (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that mown, temperate grasslands can benefit from an increasing biomass production while maintaining water consumption at the +20% increase of eCO2 studied.
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Keywords: |
biomass |
water use efficiency |
FACE |
soil moisture |
uncertainty analysis |
GLUE |
Liebermann, R. (2017-07-04). Interaktion der simulierten Wasser- und N-Kreisläufe des Linden FACE Grünlands. Presented at FACE2FACE Vollversammlung 2017, JLU Giessen.
Aydogan, E.; Busse, H.; Moser, G.; Müller, C.; Kämpfer, P. & Glaeser, S.P. (2016): Proposal of Mucilaginibacter phyllosphaerae sp. nov. isolated from the phyllosphere of Galium album. International Journal of Systematics and Evolutionary Microbiology 66, 4138-4147
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001326.
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DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001326
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Abstract:
A pink-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, PP-F2F-G21T, was isolated from the phyllosphere of Galium album. Phylogenetic analysis of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain PP-F2F-G21T showed the closest relationship to type strains of the species Mucilaginibacter lutimaris (97.7?%), Mucilaginibacter soli (97.3?%) and Mucilaginibacter rigui (97.1?%). Sequence similarities to all other type strains were below 97?%. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain PP-F2F-G21T are C16?:?1 ?7c/iso-C15?:?0 2-OH (measured as summed feature 3 fatty acids) and iso-C15?:?0 followed by iso-C17?:?0 3-OH, C16?:?1 ?5c and C16?:?0. The major compound in the polyamine pattern was sym-homospermidine and the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The quinone system was exclusively composed of menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile contained the major lipid phosphatidylethanolamine and in addition 18 unidentified lipids. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses, we propose a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter named Mucilaginibacter phyllosphaerae sp. nov. The type strain is PP-F2F-G21T (=CCM 8625T=CIP 110921T=LMG 29118T).
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Keywords: |
grassland |
Epiphytic Microbial Community |
grassland ecology |